Some important Definitions

Server and Clints:

               A server is a centralised computer which holds the information and resources centrally. A client machine is connected to the centralised server. The client machine requests the server for information through cables. The request is processed and sent back to the client by the server through the cable.

TCP/IP:

              TCP/IP short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Computers running on the Internet or intranet communicate to each other using TCP protocols. IP address is given to each and every computer on the network. This IP address is unique and cannot be used by any other computer inside the network. An IP addre ss is like a telephone number allotted to the Telephone subscriber.

Packet:

           Large volumes of data sent over a network are split into small chunks of data and stored in digital packets and, an address is allotted to each such packet.

PING:

         PING short for Packet Internet Groper. This helps determine whether a specific IP address of a remote computer is accessible. It works by sending a required information of the TCP/IP by way of a packet to the specified address in a remote computer and waits for a reply. If the message is retu rns, then the connection is said to be proper, otherwise the connection is not established with the opposite computer. PING is used, primarily to troubleshoot Internet connections.

Network ID:

         Network ID is the physical name or ID allotted to a network. It helps find systems located on the same Physical Network. The ID is in the form of numbers, for example 100.23.40.59, where 100.23 denotes the network ID. The network ID is unique and cannot be duplicated.

Host ID:

         Host Id is the id given to a single computer connected to the network. The host id should be unique because it helps to identify a particular machine connected to the physical network. Example 100.23.40.59, where 40.59 denotes the Host ID of a computer connected to the network.

Router:

        Router is a device used to connect networks and helps transfer information packets across multiple networks. The above process is called Routing. A router reads the packet address and sends the packet to the mentioned address.

Domain Name Server:

        The Domain Name Server is a software that enables your computer to have computer name. As discussed earlier, computer will have a number mapping (for ex 109.33.93.11 can be named as computer.domain.local.somename). Domain name server is hierarchical in n ature. A computer can be identified in a network with the help of name allotted by the Domain Name Server.

FTP:

         FTP short for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is a program which connects to a remote computer and helps perform file operations as well as transfers files from one computer on a network to another on the same network. FTP also helps in transferring files from one system to another system which has got a different operating system. (Operating System is a software which drives your computer to do operations. Examples of Operating System are MS DOS, UNIX, Windows NT, etc.)